Odoo 开发前台页面和模板引擎的使用

### 方式一：使用Qweb
#### 带站点基础框的页面

**后台代码**
```
    @http.route('/trial', auth='public', type='http', website=True)
    def trial(self, **kw):
		# ...
        values = {
            'plan': trial_plan,
        }

return request.render('saas_portal.try_trial', values)
```
**模板**
```
        <template id="try_trial">
            <t t-call="website.layout">
                <t t-set="title">Try trial</t>
                <div class="oe_structure">
                    <div class="container" style="text-align: center">
                      <h2>开通: <t t-esc="plan.name"/></h2>
                      <p>实例正在创建中...</p>
                      <p>这可能需要几分钟，请稍后在 <a href="/my/home">我的账号</a> 页面 SaaS 栏查看创建的结果</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </t>
            <script>
                $(document).ready(function() {
                $('div.oe_structure div.container').css('height', $(window).innerHeight());
                });
            </script>
        </template>
```
- 可以看到模板首先使用了`website.layout` 这样页面内容就放置在一个公共的站点基础框内
- Qweb模板引擎使用xml写法，标签大多以 t 开头
- Qweb模板定义的xml文件要加入到模块定义文件的data组下，随模块安装后保存到数据库的视图表ir_ui_view，渲染页面时从数据库读取

#### 完全自定义的页面

**后台代码**
```
    @http.route('/payment/order_status_show', type='http', auth='public', website=True, methods=['GET'], csrf=False)
    def order_status_show(self, **params):
		# ...
		values = {         
			'transaction': tx,              
			'order': order[0].id            
		}
		return request.render("payment.order_status_show", values)
```
**模板**
```
        <template id="order_status_show" name="orderstatus" page="True"> 
<html> 
      
  <head> 
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> 
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/> 
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"/> 
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/> 
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1"/> 
    <title> 
      订单确认 
    </title> 
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/static/src/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/payment_weixin/static/src/css/qrcode_pay.css"/> 
  </head> 
   
  <body> 
     
    <div class="p-header"> 
      <div class="w"> 
        <div id="logo"> 
          <a href="/"><img width="120" height="40" src="/logo.png" alt="Logo" title="点击返回首页"/></a> 
           订单确认 
        </div> 
      </div> 
    </div> 
     
    <div class="main"> 
      <div class="w"> 
         
         
        <div class="order"> 
          <div class="o-left"> 
            <h3 class="o-title"> 
              <t t-esc="'恭喜，您的订单创建成功！ 订单号：'+ transaction.reference" /> 
            </h3> 
            <p class="o-tips"> 
              谢谢光顾，期盼您的 
              <span class="font-red"> 
                下次 
              </span> 
              光临。<a t-attf-href="/my/orders/{{ order  }}">查看</a> 订单详细 
            </p> 
          </div> 
          <div class="o-right"> 
            <t t-if="transaction.state == 'done'"> 
            <div class="o-price"> 
              <em> 
                已付金额 
              </em> 
              <strong> 
                <t t-esc="transaction.amount" /> 
              </strong> 
              <em> 
                元 
              </em> 
            </div> 
            </t> 
          </div>
          <div class="clr">
          </div>
        </div>
        
        
        
        <div class="payment">
          
          <div class="pay-weixin">
            <div class="p-w-hd">
              微信关注我们
            </div>
            <div class="p-w-bd" style="position:relative">
              <div class="p-w-box">
                <div class="pw-box-hd">
                  <img src="http://mall.ziranyidu.com/wx.png" width="298"/>
                </div>
                <div class="pw-box-ft">
                  <p>
                    请使用微信扫一扫
                  </p>
                  <p>
                    扫描二维码关注我们
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="p-w-sidebar">
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          
        </div>
        
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>

</html>
        </template>
```

### 方式二：使用Jinja2

####以odoo数据库创建页面为例

**后台代码**
```
import jinja2

loader = jinja2.PackageLoader('odoo.addons.web', "views")
env = jinja2.Environment(loader=loader, autoescape=True)

class Database(http.Controller):

def _render_template(self, **d):
        d.setdefault('manage',True)
        d['insecure'] = odoo.tools.config['admin_passwd'] == 'admin'
        d['list_db'] = odoo.tools.config['list_db']
        d['langs'] = odoo.service.db.exp_list_lang()
        d['countries'] = odoo.service.db.exp_list_countries()
        # databases list 
        d['databases'] = []
        try:
            d['databases'] = http.db_list()
        except odoo.exceptions.AccessDenied:
            monodb = db_monodb()
            if monodb:
                d['databases'] = [monodb]
        return env.get_template("database_manager.html").render(d)
		
    @http.route('/web/database/manager', type='http', auth="none")
    def manager(self, **kw):
        return self._render_template(
```
关键代码`return env.get_template("database_manager.html").render(d)` 注意这里的 env 和 request.env 没什么关系，不能搞混了

上面的`jinja2.PackageLoader('odoo.addons.web', "views")`设置模块引擎从 web 模块的 views 目录下寻找模板文件

**模板（节选部分）**
```
  <div class="form-group">     
    <div class="row">          
      <div class="col-md-12">  
        <label for="name" class="control-label">Database Name</label>
        <input id="name" type="text" name="name" class="form-control" required="required" autocomplete="off"/>
      </div>
    </div>                     
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">     
    <div class="row">          
      <div class="col-md-12">  
        <label for="login" class="control-label">Email</label>
        <input id="login" type="text" name="login" class="form-control" required="required" autocomplete="off"/>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group has-feedback">
    <label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>
    <input id="password" type="password" name="password" class="form-control" required="required" autocomplete="off"/>
    <span class="fa fa-eye o_little_eye form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true" style="cursor: pointer; pointer-events: auto"></span>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-6">
        <label for="lang" class="control-label">Language</label>
        <select id="lang" name="lang" class="form-control" required="required" autocomplete="off">
          {% for lang in langs %}
              <option {% if lang[0] == "zh_CN" %}selected="selected" {% endif %}value="{{ lang[0] }}">{{ lang[1] }}</option>
          {% endfor %}
        </select>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="country" class="control-label">Country</label>
          <select id="country" name="country_code" class="form-control" autocomplete="off">
              <option value=""></option>
            {% for country in countries %}
           <option  {% if country[0] == "cn" %}selected="selected" {% endif %}value="{{ country[0] }}">{{ country[1] }}</option>
            {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
        <input name="demo" type="checkbox" class="pull-right" value="1">
        <span>Load demonstration data</span>
        <span class="text-muted"> (Check this box to evaluate Odoo)</span>
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
```
使用Jinja2引擎的模板文件直接在文件系统里，渲染页面时不需要读数据库，相对快一些，但管理不如Qweb可以直接在线编辑那样方便

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April 2023

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